弹塑性波计算中的光滑粒子法

采用改进的光滑粒子法 ,对脉冲应力载荷下板中弹塑性一维应变波的传播进行了数值计算 ,比较了人工粘性法和通量修正法处理冲击波间断面的效果。结果表明 ,改进的光滑粒子法在应力波数值计算中有良好的精度。     

体积分数对基于沸石和硅油的悬浮液的电流变性能的影响

用 HAAKE RV2 0型流变仪 ,在不同外加电场强度和不同颗粒体积分数下测试了基于沸石和硅油的电流变液的剪切应力变化 .结果表明 :随着外加电场强度升高 ,电流变液的零电场粘度急剧增加 ,电流变液的剪切屈服应力增加 ;随着电流变液中沸石颗粒体积分数升高 ,电流变液的剪切屈服强度急剧上升 .这种变化可以用颗粒间作用力与颗粒间距的关系、单位面积的颗粒链数目变化以及多体作用对电流变液性能的影响来解释     

纺织结构复合材料力学性能的实验研究

本文通过实验测定了三维编织结构复合材料侧边未切割、受切割和中央钻孔试件的拉伸性能，对比了受切割和未切割纤维对于试件侧边拉伸应变的影响，并且讨论了拉伸失效的机理和原因．发现受切割和钻孔试件的拉伸性能低于未加工试件的性能，受切割侧边的拉伸应变高于未切割侧边的拉伸应变，三维编织结构复合材料的拉伸失效主要由纤维断裂引起的．文中还对三维编织结构复合材料的孔边应力集中现象进行了研究，并进行了深入分析，得到一个重要结论，即四步法复合材料的孔边应力集中系数比传统层板复合材料和金属材料的低．从这个意义上说，三维编织结构复合材料适合于作为含孔结构的连接件．     

The use of a virtual configuration in formulating constitutive equations for residually stressed elastic materials

Residual stress is the stress present in the unloaded equilibrium configuration of a body. Because residual stresses can significantly affect the mechanical behavior of a component, the measurement of these stresses and the prediction of their effect on mechanical behavior are important objectives in many engineering problems. Common methods for the measurement of residual stresses include various destructive experiments in which the body is cut to relieve the residual stress. The resulting strain is measured and used to approximate the original residual stress in the intact body. In order to predict the mechanical behavior of a residually stressed body, a constitutive model is required that includes the influence of the residual stress.In this paper we present a method by which the data obtained from standard destructive experiments can be used to derive constitutive equations that describe the mechanical behavior of elastic residually stressed bodies. The derivation is based on the idea that for each infinitesimal neighborhood in a residually stressed body, there exists a corresponding stress free configuration. We refer to this stress free configuration as the virtual configuration of the infinitesimal neighborhood. The derivation requires that the constitutive equation for the stress free material be known and invertible; it is used to relate the residual stress to the deformation of the virtual configuration into the residually stressed configuration. Although the concept of the virtual configuration is central to the derivation, the geometry of this configuration need not be determined explicitly, and it need not be achievable experimentally, in order to construct the constitutive equation for the residually stressed body.The general mathematical forms of constitutive equations valid for residually stressed elastic materials have been derived previously for a number of cases. These general forms contain numerous unknown material-response functions or material constants that must be determined experimentally. In contrast, the method presented here results in a constitutive equation that is an explicit function of residual stress and includes only the material parameters required to describe the stress free material.After presenting the method for the derivation of constitutive equations, we explore the relationship between destructive experiments and the theory used in the derivation. Specifically, we discuss the use of the theory to improve the design of destructive experiments, and the use of destructive experiments to obtain the data required to construct the constitutive equation for a particular material.     

Near-Wall Modification of an Explicit Algebraic Reynolds Stress Model Using Elliptic Blending

The elliptic blending approach is used in order to modify an Explicit Algebraic Reynolds Stress Model so as to reproduce the correct near wall behaviour of the turbulent stresses. The anisotropy stress tensor is expressed as a linear combination of tensor bases whose coefficients are sensitised to the non-local wall-blocking effect through the elliptic blending parameter γ. This parameter is obtained from a separate elliptic equation. The model does not use the distance from the wall thus it can be easily applied to complex geometries. It is validated against detailed DNS data for mean and turbulence quantities for the case of flow and heat transfer between parallel flat plates at three Reynolds numbers as well as against experimental data for the flow in a backward facing step at Re _H = 28,000. The comparison with DNS results or experiments is quite satisfactory and shows the validity of the approach.     

Surface versus bulk nucleation of dislocations during contact

The indentation of single crystals by a periodic array of flat rigid contacts is analyzed using discrete dislocation plasticity. Plane strain analyses are carried out with the dislocations all of edge character and modeled as line singularities in a linear elastic solid. The limiting cases of frictionless and perfectly sticking contacts are considered. The effects of contact size, dislocation source density, and dislocation obstacle density and strength on the evolution of the mean indentation pressure are explored, but the main focus is on contrasting the response of crystals having dislocation sources on the surface with that of crystals having dislocation sources in the bulk. When there are only bulk sources, the mean contact pressure for sufficiently large contacts is independent of the friction condition, whereas for sufficiently small contact sizes, there is a significant dependence on the friction condition. When there are only surface dislocation sources the mean contact pressure increases much more rapidly with indentation depth than when bulk sources are present and the mean contact pressure is very sensitive to the strength of the obstacles to dislocation glide. Also, on unloading a layer of tensile residual stress develops when surface dislocation sources dominate.     

转向剂形成人工应力遮挡的实验研究及有限元分析

针对水力压裂过程中采用的人工应力遮挡控制缝高技术,通过室内物理模拟实验,在转向剂浓度一定的条件下考虑携带液与地层压差、渗流量、时间等因素,采用电测法对人工岩芯表面应变进行了测试;利用非线性有限元方法对裂缝尖端应力进行计算,研究了转向剂形成人工应力遮挡的作用效果。结果表明采用转向剂可以建立3~4MPa的人工应力遮档,对采用转向剂的压裂设计和施工参数提出了建议。     

轮胎钢丝帘线拉伸力学性能的实验研究

对两种结构类型的钢丝帘线在单向拉伸和循环加载下的力学性能进行了实验研究。结果表明：帘线的结构形式对拉伸力学性能（包括摩擦能量损耗）有显著影响。不考虑载荷很小的情况时，普通结构帘线可近似为弹脆性材料，高伸长结构帘线却可以产生较大的塑性变形；循环载荷下，普通结构帘线几乎没有摩擦能量损耗，而高伸长结构帘线不仅有明显的摩擦能量损耗，而且随着循环应力幅值的增加，摩擦能量损耗呈加速增加的趋势；在循环应力幅值较大时高伸长结构帘线还出现了类似于高温下循环硬化金属材料的循环蠕变现象。文章还讨论了高伸长结构帘线由于塑性变形而引起循环蠕变现象的机理。     

V型河谷地应力研究

介绍了河谷地应力研究现状 ,利用弹性理论和变分原理 ,研究了V型河谷岩体地应力问题 ,得到了河谷岩体中由于自重应力和构造应力引起的复杂应力场。应用本文结果 ,不仅可以方便绘制各种应力图件 ,而且可以较为精确地得到河谷区域任意指定点的应力值 ,从而为区域稳定性和岩体稳定性评价 ,为水电工程、地下硐室设计以及边坡工程等提供必要的岩体力学资料。本文方法数值实现简单 ,编程容易 ,计算快 ,精度高 ,可应用推广.     

吸收湿气对微电子塑料封装影响的研究进展

微电子塑料封装中常用的聚合物材料因易于吸收周围环境中的湿气而对器件本身的可靠性带 来很大影响, 本文回顾了封装材料中湿气扩散、湿应力及蒸汽压力的产生这3个互相联系过 程的研究情况, 从理论分析、特征参数描述及其实验测定、有限元模拟分析的角度来分别予 以介绍.从已有的理论分析与实验结果中可以看出, 塑封材料吸收湿气会给器件的可靠性带 来诸多影响, 湿气的吸收、扩散、蒸发等过程, 实验测量, 以及由湿气带来的其它相关问题正 成为微电子封装可靠性研究领域中的新热点, 受到越来越多的关注与重视.